First off, trains from the Twin Cities and the West Coast don't all go to Cicero or Eola. A couple trains get on the EJ&E at Eola and take that south to Joliet, where they jump on the ATSF and head for Logistics Park.
From Kansas City and Galesburg, it depends on who the train is going to. Generally manifests on the CB&Q side are going to either the Belt Railway at Cicero or to the NS Chicago Line at Western Avenue as that line directly connects to both of those lines. Trains going down the ATSF side are generally going to and from the CSX at Barr or the IHB as trains can jump on the IHB at McCook and head over to those yards. There is no connection off the CB&Q side for eastbound trains to get onto the IHB. The only connection allows westbounds to get onto the IHB, not eastbounds.
West of Galesburg, the CB&Q line seems to be mainly coal and manifest while the ATSF is mostly high-speed intermodals.
The BNSF runs several trains to the Blue Island and Clearing, as well as to Barr Yard. The routings are what I mentioned above.
For intermodal, anything from the Northwest generally goes to Cicero, with the exception of the previously mentioned trains that jump on the EJ&E and head to LPC. Anything coming from say L.A or down in Arizona generally heads to Corwith, Willow Springs or LPC.
The connection at Cameron is mainly used for trains going to and from the ATSF to Galesburg Yard, as well as Amtrak's Southwest Chief.
Trains going to or from interchange in Chicago are usually what goes east of Galesburg, a lot of BNSF manifests from the west terminate at Galesburg is it acts as BNSF's main yard in the state of Illinois.
Eola is mainly used as a crew change point, a local base and a major interchange point with the CN/EJ&E, as well as the interchange with the Illinois Railnet. Some road freights going to Galesburg and Northtown do set out/pick up cars at Eola too.
Joliet Yard is mainly used for locals that service the refineries south of town, as well as industries in Lockport and Romeoville. L-CHI102 (and counterpart L-CHI101), which runs from GM Yard (mentioned below) to Galesburg switches here. This is also where trains going to Logistics Park from the CB&Q get onto the Santa Fe, but those trains do not stop at Joliet Yard, they just continue straight to LPC.
There are three more yards that you didn't mention.
The first is the yard next to Willow Springs Yard neat Hodgkins, known is GM Yard. The local that serves the Argonne branch, as well as the L-CHI102 (and counterpart L-CHI101), which operates between there and Galesburg, originate at this yard. The IHB also sometimes will bring cars into GM Yard from Argo and Blue Island.
The other yard in Illinois is Streator. Like Joliet, Streator is mainly used for local service, and again is switched out by the L-CHI101 and L-CHI102.
The final one is on the BN side, Western Avenue Yard. This is actually a rather important location. Trains going to the NS will often change to NS crews at Western. Although most trains going to the CSX get on and off the ATSF side, a potash train from the CSX will sometimes get on and off the CSX at Western and then gets on the BNSF and head to Cicero, where they change crews. A local going down to the Lumber District also starts and ends out of Western. M-GALCHC also terminates here even though the symbol of it is misleading and makes you think it teminates at Cicero.
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